originally posted at the #Bigbible Project 10 Sep 2013
Was the Old Testament God a forgiving or vengeful God?
reflection on 1 Samuel 3:14 (ESV)
by @minidvr for #digidisciple 10th Sep 2013
William de Brailes [Public domain or Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AWilliam_de_Brailes_-_Top_-_Eli's_Sons_Commit_Sacrilege_(1_Samuel_2_-13-17)_-_Walters_W10617V_-_Full_Page.jpg
“So I have vowed that the sins of Eli and his sons will never be forgiven by sacrifices or offerings”. (1 Samuel 3:14 (ESV)).
Wow, where is the Merciful God of forgiveness in this?
Eli was a Levite (the Priestly caste) and was the Chief Priest. He had judged Israel for 40 years. His role was to look after ‘The Ark of the Covenant”
at Shiloh, which he did for the whole of his life.
But, he was human and weak and allowed his sons to commit blasphemy by their desecration of sacrifices being offered by those faithful Jews who travelled
to Shiloh to worship. Sacrifices were normally burnt offerings of Bulls, calves, goats or sheep.
Eli’s sons in their arrogance stole part of these sacrifices, sometimes by force, for their own consumption. Eli blustered against them, threatening
eternal damnation, but made no physical effort to stop what they were doing. In fact, the passage remarks that Eli grew fat on the food that they provided.
This blasphemy angered God, who prophesied through Samuel that he would “punish Eli and his house for ever, because of the iniquity that he knew, of his sons were blaspheming God”..
So, God is not only promising vengeance and punishment on Eli’s house and descendants for ever? He delivers it. Eli accepts that the punishment will
be done, by his remark to Samuel “It is the Lord. Let him do what seems good to him”. Fatalistic? or an acknowledgement that he had sinned and deserved whatever was coming to him? Ultimately as Samuel prophesied, Eli’s sons were killed in the Battle with
the Philistine’s, where the Ark of the Covenant was also captured by them. Eli on hearing the news falls, breaks his neck and dies. God chose members of a different branch of the Levites to take look after the Ark of the
Covenant when it was returned from the Philistines.
So, God is a Vengeful God on this evidence - Right?
Wrong?
There is ample evidence that God is a forgiving God if the sinner repents. The key is that God, being divine is sinless, but won’t forgive sin for those
who are not repentant:
“and also for the innocent blood that he had shed. For he filled Jerusalem with innocent blood, and the Lord would not pardon”. (2 Kings 24:4)
“We have transgressed and rebelled, and you have not forgiven”. (Lamentations 3:42)
“But because of your hard and un-penitent heart you are storing up wrath for yourself on the day of wrath when God’s righteous judgment will be revealed”. (Romans 2:5).
1 Samuel gives us some idea of how God’s forgiveness works. Because God knows what’s in men’s hearts, as Samuel found out when he, following God’s
guidance, was seeking a Man as a King for Israel:
“But the Lord said to Samuel, “Do not look on his appearance or on the height of his stature, because I have rejected him. For the Lord sees not
as man sees: man looks on the outward appearance, but the Lord looks on the heart.” (1 Samuel 16:7)
In this God spells out that it’s not the exterior self that we present to the world that count, it’s what is internalised in our heart and mind that
shows and dictate how we think and act. A false demonstration of repentance on our lips is not enough, we need to be truly and fully repentant for the sheer love of God and to be prepared to make recompense for our actions
when needed, but also to “go and sin no more”.
In the context of Eli, while he seemingly accepted God’s judgment, he seemed unwilling or incapable of the level of repentance to make amends and to stop
his sons in their blasphemy or even to stop taking advantage of it by eating the food they stole from sacrifices. That’s a powerful thing to read - someone whose heart is hardened so much that they can’t conceive of acting
in any other way. I can’t judge Eli, but the evidence is that he was content to leave things as they were because God had prophesied through Samuel of his future.
The God of forgiveness and love.
If we come to the New Testament, we find in Jesus’ ministry the physical evidence through word and action that God’s forgiveness is eternal, always available,
as long as we are truly repentant. Part of that also seems to me that we are also required to forgive others as God forgives us, bearing a grudge against another is sinful as we are not obeying Jesus’ new commandment to
love each other as he had loved us (John 13:34). This love requires us to forgive as Jesus forgives us.
“For if you forgive others their trespasses, your heavenly Father will also forgive you, but if you do not forgive others
their trespasses, neither will your Father forgive your trespasses”. (Matthew 6:14-15)
“Then Peter came up and said to him, “Lord, how often will my brother sin against me, and I forgive him? As many as seven times?” Jesus said
to him, “I do not say to you seven times, but seventy-seven times”. (Matthew 18:21-22)
Jesus forgave people their sins many times during his ministry. The Samaritan women at the Well (John 4) or Zachaeus the tax collector (Luke 19). There
are many other examples but these two stick in my mind. Both repented and both were forgiven unequivocally.
One other prominent example is the adulteress in John 8:11, where Jesus tells here to “Go and Sin no More”. In a nutshell, repentance and forgiveness and revision of how we live after forgiveness.
Conclusion:
Despite strong evidence for a vengeful God in many parts of the old testament, this evidence is contradicted by many other instances of forgiveness, particularly
in Exodus where the Jews in the wilderness, continually challenged and defied God, but Moses interventions prevented them being totally destroyed.
Finally, the incarnational nature of Jesus’ sacrifice is the ultimate redemptive evidence that we could ever need, God allowed his only Son to die for our
sins, but to rise again in that new resurrection promised for us.
How wonderful that God was, is and ever will be a forgiving God, whose love for us is so great that he only ever wants the best for us, and all that he asks
is a penitent heart.
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